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Canada
In office
Prime Minister
Liberal Party of Canada
2,882 days in office
42nd Parliament of Canada
03 Dec 2015 - 11 Sep 2019
43rd Parliament of Canada
05 Dec 2019 - 15 Aug 2021
44th Parliament of Canada
22 Nov 2021 - Present

The Canadian federal election of 2021 (officially the 44th Canadian general election) took place on September 20, 2021, and elected members of the House of Commons to Canada’s 44th Parliament. The Liberal Party, led by outgoing Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, won 160 seats, forming a second consecutive minority government.

The Trudeau government had originally made 569 promises in its 2021 campaign platform and press releases. This number was reduced to 352 by an extensive, multi-coder process of sorting promises according to their degree of precision and importance to society. Unclear and less important promises were removed from the analysis.

For an analysis of the achievements of Justin Trudeau’s first government (2015-2019), see Birch and Pétry (2019), Assessing Justin Trudeau’s Liberal Government. 353 promises and a mandate for change, published by Les Presses de l’Université Laval.

In partnership with
Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship (CSDC) Center for Public Policy Analysis (CAPP) Leadership Chair in the Teaching of Digital Social Sciences (CLESSN) Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC)
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Promise History

International Affairs and Defence
44th Parliament of Canada

2.01.13 - “W]e will move forward with better-developed surveillance [in Canada’s North”

Forward - A Real Plan for the Middle Class
Published: Dec 2019
Partially kept
15-Aug-2021

“The federal budget unveiled Monday included more than $100 billion in new spending over the next few years. Of that, $163 million has been earmarked for what the government calls NORAD modernization. ‘This funding will enable the enhancement of all-domain surveillance of our northern approaches and renewed investment in continental defence more broadly,’ Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan’s spokesman Daniel Minden said in an email”

Budget first small step in long, expensive path to upgrading North American defences-The Canadian Press

Published: Aug 2021
Not yet rated
10-Mar-2020
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“We will expand pan-domain awareness in the Arctic in support of continental defence and NORAD missions through innovative options for Northern Approaches Surveillance. This includes but is not limited to the renewal of the North Warning System and delivering on the All Domain Situational Awareness Executive Group mandate”

Plan ministériel 2020-2021-Défense nationale

Published: Mar 2020
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Not yet rated
Started tracking on: 05-Dec-2019

Forward - A Real Plan for the Middle Class

Published: Dec 2019
Developed in partnership with
Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship (CSDC) Center for Public Policy Analysis (CAPP) Leadership Chair in the Teaching of Digital Social Sciences (CLESSN) Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC)